Business Regulations and Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Regulations and Practices - Essay Example For this situation, Oya is the President of Paka Corp. to go into authoritative concurrences for the benefit of Paka. In any case, the understandings must be identified with the every day business tasks. They should fall inside the item provision of Paka Corp. An official of the organization doesn't have the ability to tie the company in anything outside the ordinary business activities. A corporate official comes up short on the ability to tie the company in issues immaterial to the business. Oya included the organization in an individual advance, which is unimportant to the business. Paka Corp. is in the matter of selling PC administrations and not in the matter of entrusting individual credits paying little heed to the individual in question. The way that Oya is the organization President doesn't change the working forces of the partnership as plot in the articles statement. The activity of Oya to transfer the Paka Corp. for an advance is ultra vires, which makes the entire exchan ge void. An investor claims share(s) in a partnership. Investors are qualified for a given number of advantages. Each state has business laws that administer the connection among investors and the company (Bruno and Ruggiero 10). When all is said in done, investors appreciate a few rights that are not impacted by the company standing rules or sanction. Lucia is qualified for all the general privileges of investors. In many partnerships, a solitary vote is identical to one offer except if determined in any case in the enterprise laws (Bruno and Ruggiero 13). In view of this reality, Lucia has a democratic right in the organization. The democratic privileges of an investor are not controlled by the quantity of offers that the person in question possesses in the enterprise. The quantity of offers additionally influences the democratic force appended to every investor. Investors with numerous offers have solid democratic forces. Lucia has the privilege to go to investor gatherings

The Indian Triumph of Dionysus Essay -- Art Analysis

While visiting the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, I went over The Indian Triumph of Dionysus. Starting in Rome, it was made by a well off adherent of Dionysus’s puzzle clique in the late second century A.D. This admirer obviously needed to develop a stone casket in tribute of Dionysus’s achievements. Besides, Dionysus is encircled by characters that are inside the puzzle faction on the grounds that the maker needs the watchers to know with whom he is related. With these two things joined, the benefactor planned to reveal insight into a bit of history that they accepted to be unmistakable during his life. The design of the historical center makes it simple to discover masterpieces from various timeframes. Since I have consistently been captivated with old Greece and Rome, I knew precisely where to begin my inquiry. The Indian Triumph of Dionysus is in plain view legitimately at the highest point of the flight of stairs paving the way to the subsequent floor. It is encircled by numerous different relics from old Greece and Rome. As your eyes move over the room, getting a gleam of gold here and magnificent white marble there, it’s extremely simple to become overpowered for a second. As I arrived at the highest point of the steps, it was apparent that the arranging of this grand piece was painstakingly arranged. The staff of the gallery without a doubt needs this piece seen by every single guest. The show itself is all around done. In the event that you stand straightforwardly before The Indian Triumph of Dionysus, everything around you appears to blur away and exclusive focus set s in. As I remained before The Indian Triumph of Dionysus, perseveringly taking notes since photographs are not permitted, I encountered an extraordinary profound association with the past. I attempted to place myself into the shoes of the creator. What was his motivation? What d... ...t is likewise imperative to see that each character appears to have wide eyes and dark circles drawn under their eyes. This is maybe one of the most significant perspectives on the grounds that the eyes show the basic topic of complete intoxication. This thusly, demonstrates the effect that Dionysus had on his supporters just as the individuals who he prevailed. Wine carried incredible capacity to its maker, and had an enduring effect on history. With these gadgets of correspondence, we can see that the devotee needed to catch Dionysus’s inheritance by making a stone coffin of recognition in his respect. Works Cited â€Å"MFAH Top 100 Highlights #35 - The Indian Triumph of Dionysus† Exhibition hall of Fine Arts Houston Online. 06 Apr. 2012. http://www.mfah.org/craftsmanship/detail/dionysus-indian-triumph/ Obscure. The Indian Triumph of Dionysus. second Century A.D. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas.

Angel And Tess :: essays research papers

Blessed messenger and Tess: A Romance Fit For the Books?      Romeo and Juliet, Antony and Cleopatra, Napolean and Josephine. All through society's whole presence, we have known naturally that these couples have a place together, but then destiny mediated to bargain their relationship a heartbreaking blow. However perusers endure on survey these couples as the most enthusiastic everything being equal. What makes them so special? What makes them so good? What makes everybody consider them to be half of an entire rather than two? These couples demonstrated to society that they had a place together, regardless of what conditions they confronted . They had True Love, the uncommon blessing that makes a relationship last, in the midst of external disturbance. In the novel, Tess of the D'Ubervilles, by Thomas Hardy, another scholarly couple is depicted. Tess Durbeyfield and Angel Clare have all the earmarks of being in such an invulnerable love. The crowd accepts that they could have a cheerful coexist ence as a brought together couple, at the same time, here as well, destiny intercedes and Tess is killed. In any case, the inquiry stays in perusers' psyches: Would Tess and Angel’s relationship arrived at the degree of flawlessness in these models had Tess stayed alive? Would their relationship have been effective? There are a few factors that can characterize an effective relationship. All together for a relationship to be beneficial, the relationship must have common love, regard, and trust, described by comparable foundations, agreeable characters , and similarity. Tess and Angel’s love couldn't have made due for long, in light of the fact that they didn't have these things. Their disparities made it unreasonably hard for them to be perfect for long. They had various pasts, various characters, and various objectives and yearnings that forestalled genuine romance.      Tess Durbeyfield has a troublesome past, and it impacts who she grows up to be; her past is consistently a piece of her, an interminable learning experience. Despite the fact that she goes through certain years from home, Tess' character is still impacted by her modest beginnings, making it inconceivable for Angel to completely get her, since his own adolescence was generally simple contrasted with Tess's. Tess bears the greater part of the weight in her family. The duty of the family's government assistance is exclusively on Tess' shoulders. Her folks, juvenile and unreasonable, accidentally compel her to think about the family. Her mom even says, "The woman must be our connection, and my projick is to send Tess to guarantee kin." (21) Joan Durbeyfield needs to take the path of least resistance and acquire the D'Uberville fortune.

Political Campaign Funding Essays - , Term Papers

Political Campaign Funding Regardless of what your social issue, on the off chance that you need to explain it get the cash out of governmental issues. At exactly that point will officials vote in favor of their kin instead of their wallets. Jack E. Lohman. Cash undermines governmental issues, and when commitments are being made to applicants it isn't to the greatest advantage of the American individuals. Battle Finance is wild in the present political races. Applicants are taking cash from any place and whoever they can get it. Delicate cash is coursing through races without care or alert. Individuals who make these commitments don't share the perspectives on the normal resident, so legislators wind up speaking to an inappropriate people. Cash chooses races, here and there leaving the better man however lighter high-roller out of a position. Competitors make choices dependent on what will help them monetarily that what is better for the individuals. Commitments by industry are made not in light of a legitimate concern for the individuals, here and there harming them in manners they don't have the foggiest idea. Regardless of what the restriction may state battle money change is required critically to keep our popular government as our authors planned it. Individuals and enterprises that make the biggest gifts to crusades don't impart perspectives to everyone. Lawmakers will tune in to the individuals who give them cash with the goal that they can rely upon that cash being there again when it is the ideal opportunity for re-appointment. However person contributors making a $200 dollar or more commitment make up just .33% of the populace. This incredibly little level of generally well off people gain the ability to impact government officials just as they would prefer. The possibility that these individuals ought to have influence to influence government more than those with less cash goes against the idea of uniformity for all, which is the thing that made this nation extraordinary. Individuals who make enormous gifts don't have indistinguishable perspectives in general from everybody. Robert L. Borosage and Ruy Teixeira report that while 53 percent of voters need stricter guidelines on organizations and enterprises, to give laborers a reasonable compensation and working conditions, 58 percent of battle contributors need to see less power over the organizations and enterprises of America. Contributors likewise need less government going through with lower charges, while most of residents need a bigger, all the more remarkable government. An exceptionally modest piece of our populace is offering cash to crusades mentioning to competitors what they need to do to keep getting effort commitments, yet these individuals don't speak to the belief system and estimation of the individuals overall. There must be a change in how crusades are financed if popular government is to endure. On the off chance that we don't change crusade money we will have government officials working just for the individuals who can bear to contribute. Cash is the main consideration in any political race. It can influence a choice unequivocally relying upon how well it is utilized. In the House, the applicant who spends the most cash on their battle wins 92% of the time. Things are the same in the Senate, here 88% of the time the greater high-roller wins. Occupants are generally the tip cash high-roller, since they raise more cash. Paul Starr, essayist for The American Prospect , gauges that it would take $1,000,000 for a challenger to overcome the occupant. The main way a challenger could get this sort of cash is offer to enormous business and the affluent, who have drastically various thoughts regarding government than the overall population. A challenger, to try and get an opportunity, would need to go to business and riches to win. With this incredible trouble to de-seat an officeholder, turnover in congress drops, and individuals become stale, winning on name alone. At the same time, they are offering breaks to the companies and rich individuals who got them there. With crusades money change, we could get challengers and officeholders on a level playing field so the applicant with the better thoughts who will sincerely enable the dominant part to will wind up the victor. It would not make any difference much where up-and-comers got the cash from for their crusades aside from that when chosen, lawmakers follow up on in understanding to the desires of the individuals who have made gifts. 71% of residents state that a lawmakers decisions and votes are made on the premise of cash. 61% of benefactors concur with this. Its been clarified that a little level of individuals make gifts, and these individuals don't speak to the populace all in all. On the off chance that government officials settle on choices dependent on this little gathering of individuals they

A Study On Communicative Teaching Education Essay

At long last, when we figure out how to pass on using our imprint semantic correspondence we do it obviously in light of the fact that we are engaged with a setting that utilizes this etymological correspondence so we become accustomed to talk it in a short clasp non by larning syntactic guidelines be that as it may, as Nunan communicates we get familiar with a phonetic correspondence â€Å" as a powerful asset for the imaginative action of intending†¦ we have to isolate between cognizing arranged linguistic guidelines and having the option to use the guidelines practically and appropriately when pass oning † . ( 1989 ) At the point when we need to larn another semantic correspondence unique in relation to the imprint one there are numerous techniques or assaults that we can use, every one of them for a similar expectation: Communicate. The open guidance assault emerges from the disappointment of numerous educators that are non content with the sound lingual technique since sentence structure is hard to larn and understudies get exhausted in class since they do n’t happen the existent open help company of the new etymological correspondence. Since the understudies were larning how to build an ideal sentence they did n’t hold the chance to design existent conveying. This strategy concentrates more on the motivation behind impart and less in the ideal way to talk in light of the fact that the understudies need to happen some way to show what they need to state. This assault utilizes exercises that recreate existent life condition of affairss and urges the student to design the new semantic correspondence discourse creation it and happening the way to offer centrality to their words without the need of an ideal language structure. In these exercises the students can work in supports or gatherings where they can happen criticism from their classmates so they feel less apprehensive in light of the fact that they wind up in a benevolent setting. These exercises are all the more intriguing for the understudies since they can use their ain musings and they do n’t hold to decipher or repeat words to larn, so they keep inspired. They can take the way to show their musings dependent on the person who is tuning in to them furthermore on the setting that they are working in. Other than this technique is useful for the teacher on the grounds that there is more flexibleness to do exercises that appear to be increasingly similar to a game giving understudies a loose and happiness condition where they can happen answers from their couples. Plus, the examination of the understudies is situated in measure up the capacity to pass on in a correct way. An informative schoolroom is extremely boisterous in light of the fact that the students must be engaged with exercises where they can talk and tune in to their classmates. Plus, they can stir stand up and they can be voyaging so the class is non stifling. Along these lines, they gain confirmation and they feel comfortable talking the new semantic correspondence. The students have the obligation of their ain obtaining and the teacher demonstrations progressively like an attendant and a perceiver. The informative technique depends on a few guidelines. One of the most utilized rundown of rules is David Nunan ‘s ( 1991 ) which portrays that: It places complement in the conveying in the remote phonetic correspondence over the connection. It presents existent messages in the situation of obtaining. It offers opportunities to the understudies to accept about the procurement method and non only about the semantic correspondence. It offers significance to the understudies ‘ individual encounters as components that they add to the securing of the schoolroom. It attempts to relate the semantic correspondence learned in the schoolroom with exercises acknowledged out of it. Along these lines, the understudies are larning like in the existent life from their encounters what's more from the encounters and criticism from their classmates. Plus, they are larning to use the phonetic correspondence in reproductions of everyday condition of affairss, so they are procuring achievements to open introduction in a cultural and social existent setting using an ordinary etymological correspondence non an ideal one like the one utilized in books. The understudies other than figure out how to hold coherency when they are conversing with do their sentences understandable and important. In this kind of schoolroom the understudies work in supports or gatherings so they can have the option to better their association whit others mimicking an existent situation holding a cooperation that permits them to negociate a talk about vulnerabilities. Is of import the continuous utilization of the imprint etymological correspondence, here is the place the educator goes about as a d elegate oversing that the understudies do n’t talk in their local semantic correspondence so as to hold an existent example during the exercises. The understudies does n’t hold to act in a particular way, when a blunder happens the students are non rebuffed, then again of that the teacher raters to respect the expert articulation and great elocution. Also, in certain exercises the students are allowed to take what to state and they other than can take the most straightforward way to state it. In this way the understudy can create plans to larn and gauge without anyone else. Another of import point is that the understudies have the chance to show their sentiments and feelings so they feel comfortable in classification since they believe they are doing an of import part for the procurement method. This strategy utilizes a push to invigorate the existent conveying however is non definitely the equivalent. It ‘s of import that the students use what they realize in schoolroom when they are out of it. In different strategies the main reason for procurement is decipher words and sentences and larn an ideal language structure that occasionally is kind of futile in existent life, is smarter to larn how to have confidence in the new etymological correspondence so the students do n’t hold to decipher before talk, losing clasp and expert articulation. At the terminal, the importance is the thing that issues the most. At the end of the day what is of import is the substance of the sentence, non the way to state it. The main strategy in this technique is to do exercises that advance imparting between life partners. It ‘s of import to hold a craving of conveying doing requests and offering answers to propel duologue holding a ground or a subject to talk about. The educator can put the subject or give the understudies opportunity to take it, consequently the students have an open goal. Once in a while exercises in the open schoolroom can look stunning in light of the fact that students are just consider ofing condition of affairss what's more on the grounds that the educator is to a great extent of the clasp following to them which non happens in existent condition of affairss. To stay away from this hindrance, the educator can try to use increasingly existent stuff like magazines, books, games, and so forth. I imagine that this strategy can be utilized in a student focused schoolroom where the greater part of import individual is the understudy and all the exercises are engaged to better the open introduction of the researcher obtaining close to existent life condition of affairss. As far as I can tell as student I have had the chance to test open exercises and I really like them since little by little I ‘m less reluctant to talk and to do blunders in such a case that I ‘m wrong ordinarily I have criticism from my classmates or from my educator. Other than this technique makes me experience increasingly inspired by the new etymological correspondence, English in this occasion since I like to use it non simply in the schoolroom however in my existent life. I would wish to use this technique in my classes to do them greater cheerfulness and intriguing what's more to make a well disposed condition with my understudies. Notices: Wikipedia ( 2009 ) Metodo Comunicativo [ Website ] Available from: A ; lt ; hypertext move convention:/es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M % C3 % A9todo_comunicativo gt ; [ December 2009 ] Nunan, David. ( 1991 ) . Planing endeavors for the open schoolroom. Cambridge Language Teaching Library [ Online Book ] Available from: A ; lt ; hypertext move convention:/books.google.com.mx/books? id=NSlMZp9XkHoC A ; dq=david+nunan % 2Bcommunicative+teaching A ; lr= A ; source=gbs_navlinks_s gt ; [ December 2009 ] Harmer, Jeremy ( 1991 ) The example of English Language Teaching. Longman.Longman Printing New York. Support, Tricia ( 2000 ) Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford University Press Library [ Online Book ] Available from: A ; lt ; hypertext move convention:/books.google.com.mx/books? id=VG8NuoGgKJYC A ; dq=hedge+tricia A ; lr= gt ; [ December 2009 ] A Study On Communicative Teaching Education Essay At last, when we figure out how to pass on using our imprint phonetic correspondence we do it obviously on the grounds that we are engaged with a setting that utilizes this etymological correspondence so we become acclimated to talk it in a short clasp non by larning syntactic guidelines in any case, as Nunan communicates we gain proficiency with a semantic correspondence â€Å" as a powerful asset for the inventive action of intending†¦ we have to isolate between cognizing arranged linguistic guidelines and having the option to use the guidelines effectually and reasonably when pass oning † . ( 1989 ) At the point when we need to larn another semantic correspondence not the same as the imprint one there are numerous strategies or assaults that we can use, every one of them for a similar goal: Communicate. The informative guidance assault emerges from the disappointment of numerous instructors that are non content with the sound lingual strategy since language structure is hard to larn and understudies get exhausted in classification since they do n’t happen the existent open assistance enterprise of the new phonetic correspondence. Since the students were larning how to develop an ideal sentence they did n’t hold the chance to design existent imparting. This technique concentrates more on the motivation behind convey and less in the ideal way to talk in light of the fact that the students h

Truth Knowledge Pursuit of Happiness in Titanic - Free Essay Example

Truth, knowledge, and the pursuit of happiness are all just words and phrases that signify nothing unless you transmit them power. When people utter these words and phrases it causes you stop and think about your beliefs, your experiences, and how you fit in the universe. In the movie Titanic you have the main character Rose who is a very restricted and sheltered woman. The leading character uses truth, knowledge, and the pursuit of happiness to obtain her goal, which is getting away from her current life and becoming a person who can make their own decisions and destiny. I will sufficiently explain how truth, knowledge, and the pursuit of happiness remain critically important key components to leading a happy life and how the main character Rose in the movie Titanic supports this thought. To begin this paper, we need to understand some background information. The movie Titanic is a movie that has captured audiences since its release in 1997. The movie Titanic was number one in the box office for 15 weeks straight and the most expensive movie at the time with all in expense at about $200 million. The film won 11 Oscars, 121 awards, and about 75 nominations. According to one critic named Roger Ebert this movie is flawlessly crafted. Some people call this movie a love story and others call it a tragedy. The truth is that it was both. This movie is a story about Rose who comes from a wealthy family and is pressured to marry a man who she does want to be with. Rose fights back against her current way of life by acting out of what she is supposed to be. She eventually meets a young man by the name of Jack who shows Rose that living within your means and going where the wind takes you is more rewarding than her current situation. Jack is the wild character who has just about nothing except his name but lives very well and is extremely content with his way of life. Rose finds this way of life appealing and that is where the story really begins. To commence your journey to leading a happy life it starts with the truth. Finding the truth can represent a laborious task to do just like Rose in Titanic. James Fieser says truth is not just found in the philosophical theories but rather in the critical give and take around those theories. Rose displays this concept when she meets Jack. Jack has shown Rose that his lifestyle is something that she has always wanted. Rose wants to be able to make her own decisions, live life freely, and express herself how she wants. Rose decides to take Jacks lifestyle, but she is giving up her life of wealth, status, and family. Rose wants to be free to achieve the wants that she could never have living her first-class life. She properly understands that if she does leave, that she will be most likely penniless and living on the street. When Rose acquires all these ideas about what the truth is she leaves her restricted and unhappy life for a new one that she thinks will produce a much joyous life. Life is about sacrifices and that is something Rose throughout the course of the movie understands. Have you repeatedly heard of the phrase that knowledge is power, well there is many truth to that phrase. Rose gains quite a lot of knowledge about how her future husband is to a degree abusive and possessive of her. He pushes her to the edge so much that she says in the movie she is screaming on the inside. Feiser talks about how people need to acquire knowledge to survive if we want to experience any sort of happiness. Rose struggles with this concept because she desperately wants to get away from the pressures of her life. Rose learns through the course of the movie that she must gain knowledge in order to segregate herself from her current situation. Rose gaining this knowledge sends her frantically on a search for an escape route out. There is a critical scene in the film where Rose is pushed so much that she attempts suicide by trying to jump off the back of the boat. This is the first scene where Jack and Rose meet and Jack talks Rose out of her decision to end it all. Rose le arns that Jack is her alternative to suicide. Jack is the escape route out. The more time she spends with Jack the more she learns that there is whole other life that she wants. Rose going on this search for knowledge is defiantly a contributing factor to her and anyone who is in a similar situation for leading a happy life. Some people might look at knowledge as some thing that is irrelevant and not needed to lead a happy life, but I disagree with this because in order to do anything in your life rather if it is big or small you need knowledge. Our final stop on the roadway to leading a happy life is pursuing happiness. Rose never recognized what she wanted until it was displayed right in front of her. That display was the key that would unlock the door to the life she always wanted. That key was the pursuit of happiness. Jack showed Rose so many brilliant and attractive things about living just within your means and not worrying about what the future holds. The moment Rose decided that she wanted that lifestyle she commenced her journey on the pursuit of happiness. Sigmund Freud puts it best as to say we cannot avoid going on a quest for happiness. Rose is merely achieving that. Rose is searching for a better place that she can be herself. People do not notice the happiness that is in their ordinary lives says Sissela Bok. People are sometimes blinded to things that they want that will make them happy or the things that they already have that will make them happy. The pursuit of happiness is a vital dominant key or for som e people it is not but in this case lets just say it is to conduct and implement the happy life that you have been or are yearning for. A happy life does not inevitably have to be hard to find or conceptualize. Sometimes it is the small things that matter to you most just like Rose in Titanic. This movie is something that lives on with you forever. It is something that can set a precedent for the rest of your life. Yes, everyone is different and there are many different opinions to what leading a happy life can be, but this message right here can surpass all the others. Someone else might say that leading a happy life is drinking beer and watching keeping up with the Kardashians and that is their opinion. What I am trying to show you is a more educated approach to a modern-day dilemma. Rose shows us that leading a happy life starts with truth, progresses with gaining knowledge, and finally ends with the drive to happiness.

Modern Voices Challenges to the Linear Narrative in The Waves and The Idea of Order at Key West - Literature Essay Samples

For the modernists, the linear narrative was something of a constraint on the writer’s ability to express their ideas and perceptions of the world. To discard the linear narrative, therefore, seemed the most logical solution to this problem. As Virginia Woolf writes in her 1925 essay ‘Modern Fiction’: ‘[The modernists] attempt to come closer to life, and to preserve more sincerely and exactly what interests and moves them, even if to do so they must discard most of the conventions which are commonly observed by the novelist.’[1] In her novel The Waves, Woolf follows her own advice, abandoning linear narrative and the traditional use of authorial voice so as to provide a distinct and wholly unique vision of life. This discarding of linear narrative is something also done by the poet Wallace Stevens, who, in his poems ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’ and ‘The Idea of Order at Key West’, presents a form defined by multiple perspectives and dissonance. In The Waves Virginia Woolf utilizes the musical device of polyphony so as to disrupt linear narrative and provide a form of language that accurately portrays her interpretation of human consciousness and experience of the physical world. Polyphony, which is the layering of separate and independent melodies in music, arises at various points in the book to provide numerous experiences of the same moment in time. The novel’s form is intrinsically linked to polyphony, Woolf structuring the novel to be constructed of groups of soliloqieys from its six central characters: Bernard, Louis, Neville, Rhoda, Jinny and Susan, these sections separated by interludes in which a seaside setting is described in extensive detail. By placing numerous soliloquies in sequence with one another Woolf provides a multifaceted view of the world, presenting the reader with multiple perspectives of single events instantaneously. One example of polyphonic soliloquies is in the first section describing the lives of the main characters as children. Louis has hidden in a hedge and through a slit in the branches observes the rest of group as they play in a garden. He then says ‘Now something pink passes the eyehole [†¦] She has found me. I am struck on the nape of the neck. She has kissed me.’[2] This is paired with Jinny saying ‘What moved the leaves? [†¦] I dashed in here, seeing you green as a bush, like a branch, very still, Louis, [†¦] I thought, and kissed you’. At the same instance of time Susan also says ‘Through the chink in the hedge [†¦] I saw her kiss him.’ Within a linear narrative framework this series of events would be recounted in chronological and order solely in the past tense. Through a polyphonic collage and thus fractured non-linear narrative, however, Woolf lends the scene a sense of immediacy through the use of both past and presen t tense. By discarding linear narrative Woolf presents a more realistic representation of individual time, not a single line with a series of events placed upon it, but rather multiple timelines criss-crossing mutual points of experience. Woolf’s version of the modernist novel thus overtly rejects the narrative conventions of realism. As Jane Wheare notes, in ‘The Waves, largely through the novelty of her method, Woolf draws attention to the process of narration which one normally takes for granted in reading a â€Å"realist† novel.’[3] The layering of voices so as to disrupt linear narrative and thus reinvent the role of voice is something that it also important when considering Wallace Stevens’s poem ‘The Idea of Order at Key West’. In the poem the narrator presents to the reader his observations as he watches a woman sing by the ocean, the sound of her voice and the sound of the sea coming together to such a degree that the narrator finds it difficult to distinguish the two apart. In the poems first stanza Stevens makes note of three distinct sounds: the voice of the singer, the sound made by the flow of water and the sound caused by this flow interacting with its environment. Stevens writes that the sound of the ocean was a ‘mimic motion’[4] as it ‘Made constant cry, caused constantly a cry’. [Line 5] The use of constant and the adverb constantly creates a sense that the ocean noise is something of a control variable when perceiving the scene. While the singer Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsang beyond the genius of the sea’, [Line 1] the sea has been continually making noise. This places the singer’s voice atop the noise of the sea, like the fifth in a triadic chord. A triadic chord consists of three notes, and thus the two remaining sounds of the sea are left to complete it. As it can be assumed that something has to be made before it can cause something else in a chain reaction, the sound of the flow of water should become the chord’s root, while the sound caused by this flow becomes the third. It should not be read, however, that Stevens merges the sounds into one. In the same way that Woolf makes distinction between the voices of Louis, Jinny and Susan, Stevens shows the reader that the three sounds are still separate and individual, merely brought together by the sensory experience of the narrator. Stevens writes: ‘The song and water were not medleyed sound Even if what she sang was what she heard, Since what she sang was uttered word by word.’ [Lines 8-10] By not being ‘medleyed’ the song and the dual noises that the water produces remain individual, linked only by the imagination of both the narrator and the singer, the singer only being inspired by the sea as it ‘was what she heard’. Her song is a distinct and wholly separate sound as Stevens writers her song is projected through language ‘word by word’, while the noise of the sea is merely ‘The grinding of water and the gasping of the sea’, [Stevens, Line 13] ‘The heaving speech of air’. [Line 26] A triadic chord, though coming together to produce a single melody, is made of three wholly separate notes and this poem, the inspiration of which could be seen as a melody, recalls three distinct sounds. Stevens thus rejects a linear framework to observe that what we experience through our senses is not necessarily what is happening in reality. It could be argued that Stevens capitalizes upon musical devices to disrupt linea r narrative in ‘The Idea of Order†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, using musical theory to present a particular view of reality. Anca Rosu argues that you could read ‘Stevens as a â€Å"musical† poet [†¦] by following the development of musical themes in his poetry’.[5] Stevens layers voice over sound, anthropomorphizing the water and creating a three tonal narrative, following suite with Woolf and rejecting linear narrative. It is notable, however, that there is a level of difficulty in separating individual voices in both The Waves and ‘The Idea of Order†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, at times it seems more convincing that both Woolf and Stevens are presenting a single voice rather than multiple different ones speaking polyphonically at the same time. If this were true, then some level of linear narrative would be retained by Woolf and Stevens as tropes of realism would become noticeable within their work. It is in The Waves perhaps more so than in the poetry of Stevens that this problem becomes apparent. The soliloquies of the six main characters are written in the same prosaic language and often at times the reader can become disorientated, forgetting by whom the soliloquy is being given. There are also points where the novel itself becomes conscious of this problem. In the final soliloquy of the novel Bernard says ‘And now I ask, â€Å"Who am I?† I have been talking of Bernard, Neville, Jinny, Su san, Rhoda and Louis. Am I all of them? Am I one and distinct? I do not know.’ [pg. 222] This quotation brings into the question the validity of the novels narration. Has the novel simply been of one consciousness fractured into six voices each with its specific position and perspective: Jinny and elation, Neville and beauty, Rhoda and gloom for example, and thus some form of barely linear interior monologue. Are we, as Bernard asks, all of them? Or is the novel’s narrative what we have been lead to assume, six different characters leading six autonomous lives. I would argue that the novel follows the latter form of narrative. As the style of prose does not change throughout the novel, remaining the same in all the soliloquies as well as the interludes in which the seascape is depicted, the reader has to rely on specific symbols and cues that Woolf provides them to recognize the voice of each character. The most obvious of these signs and symbols are the introductions to the soliloquies, each one beginning with a two word phrasing stating which character is speaking, ‘—said’. In the first group of soliloquies this makes the text easy to read and assign names to speech, but only due to the short length of the soliloquies: ‘â€Å"I see a ring,† said Bernard, â€Å"hanging above me. It quivers and hangs in a loop of light.† â€Å"I see a slab of pale yellow,† said Susan, â€Å"spreading away until it meets a purple stripe.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [pg. 5] Later on in the novel, however, when the soliloquies may run for several pages the reader can forget who is speaking and it is here that tropes specific to each character become important. Bernard, for example, can be recognized due to his obsession with language and the search for the perfect phrase, Louis often repeats versions of the phrase ‘My father is a banker in Brisbane and I speak with an Australian accent’, [pg. 13] and Rhoda is characterized by a feeling of unidentifiable unhappiness and lack of importance, her signature tone following that of ‘here I am nobody. I have no face.’ [pg. 23] Lorraine Sim writes that ‘it is only in rare moments that the separate characters or points of view represented [†¦] share a common experience or understanding of the world.’[6] By connecting characters to the narrative not through the reader necessarily following plot but rather by recognizing signs and signifiers, Woolf places a great importanc e upon the role of voice. Woolf presents a world where meaning is derived not by experience but by symbols of the individual’s character. The reader must truly know the voices of the six characters to follow the fractured plot of the novel and thus Woolf places character development, signs and symbols as more important than plot. Linear narrative is once again rejected for a form of narrative that allows Woolf to place greater emphasis on signs and symbols as key components of reality. The notion of symbols taking more significance than plot derived from a linear narrative structure is something that is important when reading Stevens’s poem ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’. This poem abandons linear narrative altogether, the poem consisting of thirteen totally separate stanzas only connected by the focus on the blackbird. Unlike in ‘The Idea of Order†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Stevens presents no train of thought, no argument, no setting or plot. The poem could be read as a poetic exorcise or experiment and perhaps an active investigation into ideas of form, structure and language. Thirteen different perspectives are given, suggesting that a single outlook on existence would be counterproductive while living life, Lee Margaret Jenkins writing that the poem ‘attests to the redundancy of any single â€Å"way of looking.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[7] It could be argued, furthermore, that ‘Thirteen Ways†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is a poem totally made of symbols as no meaning or plot can be easily if at all taken away. The central symbol is of course the blackbird which is the only thing to appear in all thirteen stanzas of the poem. What the blackbird symbolizes however changes from stanza to stanza. For example, in Stanza II: ‘The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds. / It was a small part of the pantomime’[8], the blackbird comes to symbolize the cyclical nature of the seasons, while in Stanza VI the blackbird symbolizes humanities fear of the unknown and misunderstood. Other symbols arise, such as a focus on the seasons: autumn in Stanza II, winter in Stanzas I and VI and spring in Stanza XII, ‘The river is moving. / The blackbird must be flying.’ [Lines 48-49] Shadows are repeatedly mentioned as symbols of a phenomenological perspective of life’s experiences, while phenomenology is once again mentioned in Stanza IX when considering our immediate environment: ‘When the blackbird flew out of sight, It marked the edge Of one of many circles.’ [Lines 35-37] Once again it appears that Stevens and Woolf follow a similar stylistic dictum; in literature multiple perspectives consisting of symbols are what define our existence rather than a linear narrative where meaning is largely derived from a single plot. Both Woolf, in The Waves, and Stevens, in ‘The Idea of Order at Key West’ and ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’, have clearly rejected all notions of linear narrative. In The Waves Woolf provides the reader with a form of novel with clearly abandons linear narrative, instead using polyphonic collages of voice to present a more realistic interpretation of time and replacing plot with a reliance on symbolic language. Stevens similarly layers voices, taking a far more directly musical approach than Woolf but follows suite when opting for symbolism over plot. By taking similar approaches to the narrative structures of their works, both Woolf and Stevens are able to show the limits of the linear narrative framework. For them both, linear narrative seems to have been abandoned due to its inability to accurately represent their nuanced and highly specific interpretations of human existence. The human experience is far too complex and variety of our experien ces is too great to be accurately represented in a simple linear narrative. Both Woolf and Wallace have thus found forms and structures of literature that suite their needs and fit their vision: ruptured, complex and full of ambiguity. Bibliography Jenkins, Lee M., Wallace Stevens: Rage of Order, [Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2000] Rosu, Anca, The Metaphysics of Sound in Wallace Stevens, [Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995] Sim, Lorraine, Virgina Woolf: The Patterns of Ordinary Experience, [Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2010] Stevens, Wallace, ‘The Idea of Order at Key West’, in Modernism: An Anthology, ed. by Lawrence Rainey [Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005] Stevens, Wallace, ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’, Poetry Foundation, http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174503, [accessed 17/12/14] Wheare, Jane, Virginia Woolf: Dramatic Novelist, [London: The Macmillan Press, 1989] Woolf, Virginia, ‘Modern Fiction’, in Modernism: An Anthology, ed. by Lawrence Rainey [Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005] Woolf, Virginia, The Waves, [London: Penguin Classics. 2011]